Methanol detection in M82

We present a multilevel study of the emission of methanol, detected for the first time in this galaxy, and discuss the origin of its emission. The high observed methanol abundance of a few 10^-9 can only be explained if injection of methanol from dust grains is taken into account. While the overall [CH3OH]/[NH3] ratio is much larger than observed towards other starbursts, the dense high excitation component shows a similar value to that found in NGC 253 and Maffei 2. Our observations suggest the molecular material in M 82 to be formed by dense warm cores, shielded from the UV radiation and similar to the molecular clouds in other starbursts, surrounded by a less dense photodissociated halo. The dense warm cores are likely the location of recent and future star formation within M 82.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A Letter

Sustainable business models: integrating employees, customers and technology

This Special Issue of the Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing has the same title as the 23rd International Conference CBIM 2018 (June 18-20, 2018, Madrid, Spain) “Sustainable Business Models: Integrating Employees, Customers and Technology”. In this edition of International Conference, following a competitive blind review process, papers from 126 authors and 25 countries were ultimately accepted. The best papers of the Conference were invited to submit to this Special Issue and we were also open to direct submissions from other authors. We present here the 17 accepted papers for publication in this Special Issue

Dynamical variables in Gauge-Translational Gravity

Assuming that the natural gauge group of gravity is given by the group of isometries of a given space, for a maximally symmetric space we derive a model in which gravity is essentially a gauge theory of translations. Starting from first principles we verify that a nonlinear realization of the symmetry provides the general structure of this gauge theory, leading to a simple choice of dynamical variables of the gravity field corresponding, at first order, to a diagonal matrix, whereas the non-diagonal elements contribute only to higher orders.Comment: 15 page

Variation of seed characteristic from natural and artificial selection in the genus Papaver

Papaveraceae is a mediterranean plant family with an important scientific, commercial and ethnobotanical interest. Includes wild species, which are distributed throughout the Spanish territory, as Papaver rhoeas, P. dubium, P. bracteatum, P. hybridum and the wild type of P. somniferum, which are representatives of the natural selection. The species with the greatest commercial interest is P. somniferum, whose management through improvement lines reflects the most profitable plant characteristics obtained by artificial selection: fast and vigorous growth, multiple flowers and big size capsules (1), traits that increase the production of morphine, codeine and thebaine among others opiates derived from the capsule leachate. Occasionally, some breeding lines of P. somniferum shown wild features, such as capsule dehiscence or extended germination time. Papaver becomes, thereby, an interesting plant genus to analyze the differential evolution experienced through natural and artificial selection. In this regard, previous studies reported that seed surface patter can be used in taxonomic classification of Papaveraceae family members (2). The main goal of this project was to characterize several seed traits variation among wild and cultivated samples. Seed size and shape was characterized using images analysis from macro-photography and the software ImageJ. Seed color, defined in the L, a*, b* color space, was recorded with an automatic colorimeter. Electron scanning microscopy (SEM) micrographs were used to study seed surface crosslinked patterns. Finally, confocal scanning microscopy allowed a preliminary approach to the internal seed tissue structure. The results shown that wild species seeds have deeper color than P. somniferum breeding lines but even among those it is possible to distinguish at least four main differentiated groups by color. Likewise, even if all breeded P. somniferum samples had larger seeds than wild species, probably as the results of artificial selection, there were clear variation among them. We discuss if the variations in these seed characteristics was the unintended result of the artificial trait breeding selection with agronomic interest. References * (1) Referencia general aquí * (2) Referencia sobre caracteres de la superficie de la semilla como indicadores taxonómicos Funding Authors thanks funding support from Alcaliber S.A. (OTRI-UMA-8.06/5.03.4280) and the University of Málaga to EMC, and Spanish Ministry of Enconomy and EU grant for AJMA (RYC-2011-08839).Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech